含羞草研究所

Jason Keith

  1. Home
  2. 含羞草研究所
  3. Directory
  4. Jason Keith
Back to Directory
jkeith

Jason Keith

Associate Professor of Chemistry; Chair, Department of Chemistry

Department/Office Information

Chemistry
308 Wynn Hall
  • MW 3:00pm - 4:00pm (308 Wynn Hall)
  • T 1:00pm - 3:00pm (308 Wynn Hall)
  • F 10:00am - 11:00am (308 Wynn Hall)

Contact

(315) 228-7394

I was born in Fort Worth, Texas in 1978 and moved to the small town of Weatherford, Texas with my parents and older brother when I was eight years old. I graduated from Weatherford High School in 1997. Upon graduation I went on to the University of North Texas where I pursued degrees in Chemistry and Mathematics. I graduated Magna Cum Laude in 2001. In the fall of that same year I began my graduate work at the California Institute of Technology and received my PhD in Chemistry in 2008. While there I was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. From 2008 to 2010 I was a postdoctoral fellow with Michael B. Hall in the Chemistry Department at Texas A&M University. In 2010 I moved to the mountains of northern New Mexico were I was a Director鈥檚 Postdoctoral Fellow in the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory until 2013. In the summer of 2013 I left the mountains that I had come to love and a life sharing a border with Mexico to move northeast to central New York and a new understanding of winter. 

I am currently an Associate Professor of Chemistry here at 含羞草研究所 having received tenure in Spring 2020. My research here is based on the application of Density Functional Theory to various projects involving electronic structure, spectroscopy and mechanism. My primary research efforts focus on transition metal systems although I have soft spot for f-block elements from my time at LANL and have also on occasion worked with main group and organic systems. While my research frequently focuses on fundamental concepts such as bonding, applied projects in my group are more commonplace and are often related to clean energy and the environment. I have publications in the areas of fuel cells, biofuels, nuclear energy, as well as environmental cleanup. I currently collaborate with many experimental chemists both here at 含羞草研究所 and elsewhere.

Education

BS - Chemistry, BS - Mathematics, University of North Texas, 2001 

PhD - Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, 2008

Dissertation

Palladium Mediated Activation of Molecular Oxygen

Distinctions

2010 Los Alamos National Laboratory Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship

2001 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship

1999 Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship

Science Media Coverage

含羞草研究所 Highlights

含羞草研究所 News: Professor Jason Keith, co-authors鈥 report may eventually help cut nuclear waste含羞草研究所 News: Chemistry professor Jason Keith鈥檚 work published in prestigious journal

Publications

(含羞草研究所 authors indicated in bold)

  • Spielvogel, K. D.; Stumme, N. C.; Fetrow, T. V.; Wang, L.; Luna, J. A.; Keith, J. M.*; Shaw, S. K.*; Daly, S. R.*;  鈥淨uantifying Variations in Metal鈥揕igand Cooperative Binding Strength with Cyclic Voltammetry and Redox鈥揂ctive 尝颈驳补苍诲蝉鈥 Inorg. Chem., 2022, 61, 2391.
  • Pham, J.; Jarczyk, C. E.; Reynolds, E. F.; Kelly, S. E.; Kim, T.; He, T.; Keith, J. M.*; Chianese, A. R.* 鈥淭he Key Role of the Latent N-H Group in Milstein's Catalyst for Ester Hydrogenation鈥 Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 8477.
  • Spielvogel, K. D.; Luna, J. A.; Loria, S. M.; Weisburn, L. P.; Stumme, N. C.; Ringenberg, M. R.; Durgaprasad, G.; Keith, J. M.*; Shaw, S. K.*; Daly, S. R.*;  鈥淚nfluence of Multisite Metal-Ligand Coopertivity on the Redox Activity of Noninnocent N2S2 尝颈驳补苍诲蝉鈥 Inorg. Chem., 2020, 59, 10845.
  • Smiles, D. E.; Batista, E. R.*; Booth, C. H.; Clark, D. L.; Keith, J. M.; Kozimor, S. A.; Martin, R. L.; Minasian, S. G.*; Shuh, D. K.; Stieber, C. E.*; Tyliszczak, T. 鈥淯nexpected CNN-to-CC Ligand Rearrangement in Pincer-Ruthenium Precatalysts Leads to a Base-Free Catalyst for Ester Hyderogenation鈥 Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 2796.
  • He, T.; Buttner, J. C.; Reynolds, E. F.; Pham, J.; Malek, J. C.; Keith, J. M.*; Chianese, A. R.* 鈥淒ehydroalkylative Activation of CNN- and PNN-Pincer Ruthenium Catalysts for Ester Hydrogenation鈥 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2019, 141, 17404.
  • Le, L.; Liu, J.; He, T.; Malek, J. C.; Cervarich, T. N.; Buttner, J. C.; Pham, J.; Keith, J. M.*; Chianese, A. R.* 鈥淯nexpected CNN-to-CC Ligand Rearrangement in Pincer-Ruthenium Precatalysts Leads to a Base-Free Catalyst for Ester Hyderogenation鈥 Organometallics, 2019, 38, 3311.
  • Lee, K.; Blake, A. V.; Tanushi, A.; McCarthy, S. M.; Kim, D.; Loria, S. M.; Donahue, C. M.; Spielvolgel, K. D.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.*; Radosevich, A. T.* 鈥淰alidating the Biphilic Hypothesis of Nontrigonal P(III) Compounds鈥 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 6993.
  • Su, J.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Bone, S. E.; Bradley, J. A.; Cary, S. K.; Clark, D. L.*; Conradson, S. D.; Ditter, A. S.; Kaltsoyannis, N.; Keith, J. M.; Kerridge, A.; Kozimor, S. A.*; L枚ble, M. W.; Martin, R. L.; Minasian, S. G.; Mocko, V.; La Pierre, H. S.; Seidler, G. T.; Shuh, D. K.; Wilkerson, M. P.; Wolfsberg, L. E.; Yang, P.* 鈥淓nergy-Degeneracy-Driven Covalency in Actinide Bonding鈥 J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2018, 140, 17977.
  • Reilly, S. D.; Su, J.; Keith, J. M.; Yang, P.; Batista, E. R.*; Gaunt, A. J.*; Harwood, L. M.*; Hudson, M. J.; Lewis, F. W.; Scott, B. L.; Sharrad, C. A.*; Whittaker, D. M. 鈥淧lutonium Coordination and Redox Chemistry with the CyMe4-BTPhen Polydentate N-donor Extractant Ligand鈥 Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 12582.
  • Lee, K.; Wei, H.; Blake, A. V.; Donahue, C. M.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淢easurement of Diphosphine -Donor and -Acceptor Properties in d0 Titanium Complexes Using Ligand K-Edge XAS and TDDFT鈥 Inorg. Chem., 2018, 57, 10277.
  • Blake, A. V.; Wei, H.; Lee, K.; Donahue, C. M.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淪olution and Solid Ligand K-Edge XAS Studies of PdCl2 Diphosphine Complexes with Phenyl and Cyclohexyl Substituents鈥 (Invited issue) Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2018, 21-22, 2267.
  • Blake, A. V.; Wei, H.; Donahue, C. M.; Lee, K.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淪olid Energy Calibration Standards for P K-Edge XANES: Electronic Structure Analysis of PPh4叠谤鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Synchrotron Rad., 2018, 25, 529.
  • Minasian, S. G.; Batista, E. R.; Booth, C. H.; Clark, D. L.; Keith, J. M.; Kozimor, S. A.; Lukens, W. W.; Martin, R. L.; Shuh, D. K.; Stieber, S. C. E.; Tylisczcak; Wen, X.-d. 鈥淨uantitative Evidence for Lanthanide-Oxigen Orbital Mixing in CeO2, PrO2 and TbO2鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 18052.
  • Keith, J. M.*; Ye, Y.; Wei, H.; Buck, M. R. "Mechanistic Examination of Aerobic Pt Oxidation: Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into Pt鈥揌 Bonds Through a Radical Chain Mechanism" Dalton Trans., 2016, 45, 11650.
  • Lee, K.; Wei, H.; Blake, A. V.; Donahue, C. M.; Kwon, H. Y.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淟igand K-Edge XAS, DFT and TDDFT Analysis of Pincer Linker Variations in Rh(I) PNP Complexes: Reactivity Insights From Electronic Structure鈥 (Invited issue of Dalton Trans. Theme 鈥2016 New Talent Americas鈥; Cover) Dalton Trans., 2016, 45, 9774.
  • Donahue, C. M.; McCollom, S. P.; Forrest, C. M.; Blake, A. V.; Bellott, B. J.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淚mpact of Coordination Geometry, Bite Angle, and Trans Influence on Metal鈥揕igand Covalency in Phenyl鈥揝ubstituted Phosphine Complexes of Ni and Pd鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2015, 54, 5646.  
  • L枚ble, M. W.; Keith, J. M.; Altman, A. B.; Stieber, C. E.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Conradson, S. D.; Clark, D. L.; Pacheco, J. L.; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L.*; Minasian, S. G.; Olson, A. C.; Scott, B. L.; Shuh, D. K.; Tyliszczak, T.; Wilkerson, M. P.; Zehnder, R. A. "Covalency in Lanthanides. An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Study of LnCl6虫鈭(x = 3, 2)" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2015, 137, 2056.
  • Olson, A. C.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Daly, S. R.; Kozimor, S. A.*; MacInnes, M. M.; Martin, R. L.*; Scott, B. L. 鈥淯sing Solution鈥 and Solid鈥揝tate S K鈥揺dge X鈥搑ay Absorption Spectroscopy with Density Functional Theory to Evaluate M鈥揝 Bonding for MS42- (M = Cr, Mo, W) Dianions鈥&苍产蝉辫;Dalton Trans., 2014, 43, 17283. 
  • Kuppuswamy, S.; Powers, T. M.; Johnson, B. M.; Brozek, C. K.; Krogman, J. P.; Bezpalko, M. W.; Berben, L. A.; Keith, J. M.; Foxman, B. M.; Thomas, C. M.* 鈥淥ne-Electron Oxidation Chemistry and Subsequent Reactivity of Diiron Imido Complexes鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2014, 53, 5429. 
  • Donahue, C. M.; Pacheco, J. S. L.; Keith, J. M.*; Daly, S. R.* 鈥淪ulfur K鈥揺dge X鈥搑ay Absorption Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory of Arsenic Dithiocarbamates鈥&苍产蝉辫;Dalton Trans., 2014, 43, 9189. 
  • Minasian, S. G.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Clark, D. L.; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L.*; Shuh, D. K.; Tyliszczak, T. "New Evidence for 5f Covalency in Actinocenes Determined From Carbon K鈥揺dge XAS and Electronic Structure Theory" Chem. Sci., 2014, 5, 351.
  • Minasian, S. G.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L.*; Shuh, D. K.*; Tyliszczak T.; Vernon, L. J. "Carbon K鈥揺dge X鈥搑ay Absorption Spectroscopy and Time鈥揇ependent Density Functional Theory Examination of Metal鈥揅arbon Bonding in Metallocene Dichlorides" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 14731.
  • Hayes, P. G.; Xu, Z.; Beddie, C.; Keith, J. M.; Hall, M. B.; Tilley, T. D. "The Osmium鈥揝ilicon Triple Bond: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of an Osmium Silylyne Complex" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 11780.
  • Minasian, S. G.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Bradley, J. A.; Daly, S. R.; Kozimor, S. A.*; Lukens, W. W.; Martin, R. L.*; Nordlund, D.; Seidler, G. T.; Shuh, D. K.*; Sokaras, D.; Tyliszczak, T.; Wagner, G.; Weng, T.-C.; Yang, P. "Covalency in Metal鈥揙xo Multiple Bonds Evaluated Using Oxygen K鈥揺dge Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure Theory" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 1864.
  • Daly, S. R.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Clark, D. L; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L. 鈥淪ulfur K鈥揺dge X鈥搑ay Absorption Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory of Dithiophosphinate Extractants: Minor Actinide Selectivity and Electronic Structure Correlations鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 14408.
  • Keith, J. M.*; Teets, T. S.; Nocera, D. G. 鈥淥2 Insertion into Group 9 Metal鈥揌ydride Bonds: Evidence for Oxygen Activation through the Hydrogen-Atom-Abstraction Mechanism鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 9499.
  • Daly, S. R.; Keith, J. M.; Boland, K. S.; Batista, E. R.*; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L.; Scott, B. L. 鈥淧robing Ni[S2PR2]2 Electronic Structure to Generate Insight Relevant to Minor Actinide Extraction Chemistry鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 7551.
  • Minasian, S. G.; Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.*; Boland, K. S.; Clark, D. L.*; Conradson, S. D.*; Kozimor, S. A.*; Martin, R. L.*; Schwarz, D. E.; Scott, B. L.; Shuh, D. K.; Wagner, G. L.; Wilkerson, M. P.; Wolfsberg, L. E.; Yang, P. "Determining Relative f and d Orbital Contributions to M鈥揅l Covalency in MCl62鈥 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, U) and UOCl5鈥 Using Cl K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Time鈥揇ependent Density Functional Theory" J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 5586.
  • Keith, J. M.; Batista, E. R.* 鈥淭heoretical Examination of Thermodynamic Factors in the Selective Extraction of Am3+ from Eu3+ by Dithiophosphinic Acids鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 13.
  • Keith, J. M.; Goddard, W. A., III* 鈥淐helating Base Effects in Palladium鈥揗ediated Activation of Molecular Oxygen鈥&苍产蝉辫;Organometallics, 2012, 31, 545.
  • Keith, J. M.*; Meyerstein, D.; Hall, M. B.* 鈥淐omputational Investigations into Hydrogen鈥揂tom Abstraction from Rhodium Hydride Complexes by Methyl Radicals in Aqueous Solution鈥&苍产蝉辫;Eur. J.Inorg. Chem., 2011, 31, 4901.
  • Travia, N. E.; Xu, Z.; Keith, J. M.; Ison, E. A.; Fanwick, P. E.; Hall, M. B.*; Abu-Omar, M. M.* 鈥淥bservation of Inductive Effects That Cause a Change in the Rate-Determining Step for the Conversion of Rhenium Azides to Imido Complexes鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2011, 50, 10505.
  • Keith, J. M.*; Abu-Omar, M. M.; Hall, M. B.* 鈥淐omputational Investigation of the Concerted Dismutation of Chlorite Ion by Water-Soluble Iron-Porphyrins鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2011, 50, 7928.
  • Huang, S.-H.; Keith, J. M.; Hall, M. B.*; Richmond, M. G.* 鈥淥rtho Metalation Dynamics and Ligand Fluxionality in the Conversion of Os3(CO)10(dppm) to HOs3(CO)8[m鈥扬丑笔(颁6H4鈥m2,h1)CH2PPh2]: Experimental and DFT Evidence for the Participation of Agostic C鈥揌 and p鈥揂ryl Intermediates at an Intact Triosmium Cluster鈥&苍产蝉辫;Organometallics, 2010, 29, 4041.
  • Keith, J. M.; Hall, M. B.* 鈥淧otential Hydrogen Bottleneck in Nickel鈥揑ron Hydrogenase鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 6378.
  • Keith, J. M.; Tomi膰 Z. D; Zari膰, S. D.; Hall, M. B.* 鈥淥xygen Atom Transfer Catalysis: Ligand Effects on the Key Reaction Barrier in Molybdenum (VI) Dioxo Systems鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Mol. Catal A: Chem. (Computational Catalysis Special Issue), 2010, 324, 15.
  • Keith, J. M.; Goddard, W. A., III* 鈥淢echanism for Activation of Molecular Oxygen by cis- and trans-(Pyridine)2Pd(OAc)H: Pd0 vs. Direct Insertion鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 1416.
  • Keith, J. M.; Goddard, W. A., III*; Oxgaard J.* 鈥淧d-Mediated Activation of Molecular Oxygen: Pd(0) versus Direct Insertion鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 10361.
  • Keith, J. M.; Muller, R. P.; Kemp, R. A.; Goldberg, K. I.; Goddard, W. A., III*; Oxgaard J.* 鈥淢echanism of Direct Molecular Oxygen Insertion in a Palladium(II)鈥揌ydride Bond鈥&苍产蝉辫;Inorg. Chem., 2006, 45, 9631.
  • Keith, J. M.; Nielsen, R. J.; Oxgaard J.; Goddard, W. A., III* 鈥淧d鈥揗ediated Activation of Molecular Oxygen in Nonpolar Medium鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 13172.
  • Nielsen, R. J.; Keith, J. M.; Stoltz. B. M.; Goddard, W. A., III* 鈥淎 Computational Model Relating Structure and Reactivity in Enantioselective Oxidations of Secondary Alcohols by (鈥)鈥揝parteine鈥揚dII Complexes鈥&苍产蝉辫;J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 7967.
  • Marchand, A. P.*; Keith, J. M.; Alihod啪i膰, S.; Ganguly, B.; Somers, A. W.; Hariprakasha, H. K.; Power, T. D.; Watson, W. H.; Bodige, S. G. 鈥淪tereoelectronic Control of Additions of Vinylmagnesium Bromide to 1鈥揗ethyl鈥 and 3鈥揗ethylpentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane鈥8,11鈥揹iones and to 1鈥揗ethylhexacyclo[10.2.1.0.02,11.04,9.04,14.09,13]pentadeca鈥5,7鈥揹iene鈥3,10鈥揹ione鈥&苍产蝉辫;Struct. Chem., 2001, 12, 313.

2016-2017

Clare C. Bannon '17, Sydney M Loria '18, Markus Y. Miranda '19, Garrett W. Esper '18, Prof. Jason M. Keith
Clare C. Bannon 鈥17, Sydney M Loria 鈥18, Markus Y. Miranda 鈥19, Garrett W. Esper 鈥18, Prof. Jason M. Keith

2015-2016

Yixin (Eli) Ye '16, Haochuan Wei '16, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Fiona B. Evans '16, Shelby M. Holland '18
Yixin (Eli) Ye 鈥16, Haochuan Wei 鈥16, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Fiona B. Evans 鈥16, Shelby M. Holland 鈥18

2014-2015

Celia M. Sherry '15, Fiona B. Evans '16, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Greg Zengilowski '15, Daniel Kim '15, Haochuan Wei '16
Celia M. Sherry 鈥15, Fiona B. Evans 鈥16, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Greg Zengilowski 鈥15, Daniel Kim 鈥15, Haochuan Wei 鈥16

2013-2014

Andre V. D'Souza '17, Hyuk Yong Kwon '14, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Samuel P. McCollom '14, Daniel Kim '15
Andre V. D'Souza 鈥17, Hyuk Yong Kwon 鈥14, Prof. Jason M. Keith, Samuel P. McCollom 鈥14, Daniel Kim 鈥15

Current Group Members

  • Matthew Bousquet 鈥20
  • Leah Weisburn 鈥20
  • Peter Baker 鈥20

Former Group Members

Oliver Harris 鈥19

  • Magna Cum Laude
  • Honors in Chemistry
  • Summer '17 - Summer 鈥18
  • Current: Graduate School at Yale

Harrison Chen 鈥19

  • Summer '17 - Spring 鈥19

Markus Y. Miranda 鈥19

  • Summer '16 - Spring 鈥19

Victoria Bradley 鈥18

  • Fall 鈥17 - Spring 鈥18

Garrett W. Esper 鈥18

  • Magna Cum Laude
  • Honors in Biochemistry
  • Summer '16 - Spring 鈥18
  • Current: Medical School at SUNY Upstate

Sydney M. Loria 鈥18

  • 含羞草研究所 Salutatorian
  • Summa Cum Laude
  • High Honors in Chemistry
  • Summer '16 - Spring 鈥18
  • Current: Medical School at University of Rochester

Shelby M. Holland 鈥18 

  • Spring 鈥15-Spring 鈥16

Samuel J. Kim 鈥17

  • Fall 鈥16 - Spring 鈥17

Clare C. Bannon 鈥17

  • Fall 鈥16 - Spring 鈥17

Khanh Nguyen 鈥17

  • Spring 鈥15-Summer 鈥15

Andre V. D'Souza 鈥17 

  • Spring 鈥14-Summer 鈥14

Fiona B. Evans 鈥16

  • Cum Laude
  • Summer 鈥14 - Spring 鈥16

Yixin (Eli) Ye 鈥16

  • Fall 鈥15 - Spring 鈥16

Haochuan Wei 鈥16

  • Summa Cum Laude
  • Summer 鈥14 - Spring 鈥16

Daniel Kim 鈥15

  • Magna Cum Laude
  • High Honors in Chemistry
  • Spring 鈥14 - Spring 鈥15
  • Current: Graduate School at Yale

Celia M. Sherry 鈥15

  • Magna Cum Laude
  • Summer 鈥14 - Spring 鈥15

Hyuk Yong Kwon 鈥14

  • Cum Laude
  • Honors in Chemistry
  • Fall 鈥13 - Spring 鈥14
  • Current: Graduate Student UNC

Samuel P. McCollom 鈥14

  • Magna Cum Laude
  • High Honors in Chemistry
  • Fall 鈥13 - Spring 鈥14
  • Current: Chemistry Graduate School at U Penn

Jason M. Keith obtained his Ph.D. in Chemistry in June 2008 from Prof. William A. Goddard, III, Professor at Caltech (California Institute of Technology) in Pasadena, CA

William A. Goddard, III obtained his Ph.D. in Engineering Science in October 1964 from Prof. Pol Duwez, Professor at Caltech (California Institute of Technology) in Pasadena CA

Pol Duwez received his D.Sc. in 1933 from Prof. Emile Henriot at U. Brussels in Belgium

Emile Henriot received his D.Sc. in Physics in 1912 from Marie Curie, Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris France

Marie Curie received her D.Sc. in 1903 from Prof. Becquerel at the Ecole Phys. Chim. Ind, Paris France